Research on the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphite products.

Graphite is a common carbonaceous material with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, graphite products have a wide range of applications in many fields, such as electronic devices, graphene materials, etc. Therefore, studying the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphite products is of great significance for understanding their basic characteristics and expanding their applications. This article will study the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphite products.

Firstly, the conductivity of graphite is determined by its molecular structure and electronic properties. The layered structure of graphite gives it excellent electronic conductivity. In graphite, carbon atoms form a layered structure in the form of sp2 hybridization, where π electrons can freely move within the layer, resulting in excellent conductivity. In addition, the electron clouds in graphite materials are arranged in an orderly manner, and there are strong covalent bonds between electrons, which also contribute to electron conduction.

The thermal conductivity of graphite is determined by its lattice structure and molecular vibrational characteristics. Graphite has a planar structure, in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Due to the weak van der Waals forces between planes, graphite exhibits good interlayer slip and thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, carbon atoms in graphite can also transfer energy through resonance, effectively enhancing thermal conductivity. The molecular vibration mode of graphite is also an important factor affecting its thermal conductivity. The carbon atoms in graphite can undergo various vibration modes such as translation, torsion, and stretching, which help transfer thermal energy in the material.

In order to study the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphite products, various experimental methods and theoretical models can be used. For example, four probe method or Hall effect can be used for electrical performance testing, and conductivity can be calculated by measuring resistance and carrier concentration. In addition, thermal pulse technology or thermal difference method can also be used for thermal conductivity testing, and the thermal conductivity can be calculated by measuring the temperature response of the sample. In addition, using structural characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to reveal the crystal structure and microstructure of graphite products is of great significance for studying the relationship between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.

In recent years, the emergence of two-dimensional materials such as graphene has sparked further research on the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphite products. Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal composed of a single layer of carbon atoms, which has extremely high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Graphene can be used to prepare graphite products with high conductivity and thermal conductivity, such as high conductivity graphite coatings, conductive graphite paper, etc. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphene are closely related to its structure and size. Studying the changes in their electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity is of great significance for the application and material design of graphene.

In summary, the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphite products depend on factors such as their molecular structure, electronic properties, crystal structure, and molecular vibration characteristics. Studying the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphite products is of great significance for a deeper understanding of their basic characteristics and promoting their applications in electronic devices, graphene materials, and other fields. With the deepening of research on two-dimensional materials such as graphene, the study of the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphite products will continue to expand and improve.